Cause of the flood

A disaster is a serious distruption of the functioning of a community or society involving widespread human, material economic or environmental losses and impact, which exceeds the ability of the effected community or society to cope using its own resources. flood is one of disaster cause disvantages to people and the world. its a natural even or occurrence where  a piece of land that is usually dry land suddenly gets submerged  under water. some flood can occur suddenly and recede quickly. there can be floods. Sometimes, there is heavy rain for a very short period that result in floods. In other times, there may be light rain for many days and weeks and can also result in flood. and this some reason can of the flood is high rainfall, Global warming, Coastal Flooding, and deforestation.

High rainfall Heavy rainfall raises the water level. When the water level is higher than the river bank or the dams, the water comes out from the river, there will be flooding. High Rainfall Zone is a new and expanding environment for cropping, but studies indicate that crops in this zone are performing well below potential based on available sunlight, water and temperature. High Rainfall Zone is a new and expanding environment for cropping, but studies indicate that crops in this zone are performing well below potential based on available sunlight, water and temperature.
          Global warming Because of global warming, the temperature of this year is higher than the temperature of many years ago. The ice caps melt in spring, and the water goes into the sea. The water raises the sea level, and makes the river level rise. When river level rises, flooding may occur.

           Coastal Flooding always occurs in coastal areas. High tides or storms cause the water level to rise. If the water level is higher than the level of the coastal lowland, flooding will occur. Large areas of forests near the rivers have been cleared. The lands are used to make room for settlement, roads and farmland. Less vegetation protects the soil, the soil is quickly lost to rivers and the sea. This raises the river bed, so the river overflows its banks easily.

deforestation is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is there after converted to a non-forest use. Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. Deforestation occurs for many reasons trees are cut down to be used or sold as fuel (sometimes in the form of charcoal) or timber, while cleared land is used as pasture for livestock, plantations of commodities and settlements. The removal of trees without sufficient reforestation has resulted in damage to habitat,flooding, biodiversity loss and aridity. It has adverse impacts on biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Deforestation has also been used in war to deprive the enemy of cover for its forces and also vital resources.

However, floods are not always caused by heavy rainfall. They can result from other phenomena, particularly in coastal areas where inundation can be caused by a storm surge associated with a tropical cyclone, a tsunami or a high tide coinciding with higher than normal river levels.

Pipit Fitri Yani (2a)

113060309

Writing

 

Juvenile Delinquency

Juvenile delinquency is a bad thing which always breaks the rules in social life. It was acted by some teenagers which is in the phase of transition. The phase transition from teenage to adult. Juvenile delinquency is very common this days. There are many kind of Juvenile Delinquency, there are free sex, taking drug, vandalism, and so on. There are some factors which causes it, such as less self-control, less attention from family and bad environment.

The main cause from juvenile delinquency is less self-control among teenagers. In this age, teenagers still in labile condition. Sometimes, most of them cannot filter well which is good and bad things to do. Which is should do and should not do. Commonly, they just do what their friends do. Without any thinking its good or not. For a simple example; if one of their friends absence in class without any reason, so they will do. Another example; if one of them ask them to take a drug together, so they will do it too. They called it as a loyalty in their friendship. Actually, that was worse loyalty.

Not only less in self-control which give the result in, Juvenile Delinquency occurs because of less attention from family. Family has an important role in each person’s life, especially teenagers because they are in growing process. Family, especially parents should protect their teen child, being a best friend, being a comfortable people to them. Due to parents good behavior, teen child will feel comfortable living in their family. But, if the family cannot give a comfort feeling to teenagers, like parents divorce, parents who always busy with their own business, domestic violence, and curbing, they cause mischief among teenagers. Due to that bad actions, there did not have any place to share, there is no good model for them, it will make them feel under pressure, so they will find another happiness outside. And if it happens with wrong people or wrong things, it will be very dangerous. For example; teen child release their disappointed feeling to other people who ask them to take a drug together, release their feelings to negative things.

 Another factors that cause Juvenile Delinquency is bad environments. It is about having good friends or bad friends. We know that teenagers are still in the labile condition. If they make friends with the wrong people, it will lead them to do bad habit. Otherwise, if they make friends with a good people, it will lead them to do good one. Because the living environment influences our growing process, especially for teenagers. So, teenagers should be selective to making friends. It doesn’t mean to choose someone we must play with but selective in filtering friends who will be a close friend or best friend for us.

Juvenile Delinquency occurs because of so many factors. As an adult people, we must always controlling how our teenagers do their socialization. Because teenagers still in phase of transition. They cannot decide which is good and which is bad. All they know is only having fun and playing around. So, take care our teenagers because they are our next generation.     

Nadya Ulva Nurbaety

113060087

2 A

Causes of Vertigo

Vertigo is a sensation of spinning. If you have these dizzy spells, you might feel like you are spinning or that the world around you is spinning. Vertigo is often caused by an inner ear problem. Some of the most common causes include: BPPV. These initials stand for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. BPPV occurs when tiny calcium particles (canaliths) clump up in canals of the inner ear. The inner ear sends signals to the brain about head and body movements relative to gravity. It helps you keep your balance. BPPV can occur for no known reason and may be associated with age. Meniere's disease. This is an inner ear disorder thought to be caused by a buildup of fluid and changing pressure in the ear. It causes episodes of vertigo along with ringing in the ears tinnitus and hearing loss.Vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis. This is an inner ear problem usually related to infection (usually viral). The infection causes inflammation in the inner ear around nerves that are important for helping the body sense balance.

Treatment for vertigo depends on what's causing it. In many cases, vertigo goes away without any treatment. This is because your brain is able to adapt, at least in part, to the inner ear changes, relying on other mechanisms to maintain balance. For some, treatment is needed and may include Vestibular rehabilitation. This is a type of physical therapy aimed at helping strengthen the vestibular system. The function of the vestibular system is to send signals to the brain about head and body movements relative to gravity.

Vestibular rehab may be recommended if you have recurrent bouts of vertigo. It helps train your other senses to compensate for vertigo. Canalith repositioning maneuvers. Guidelines from the American Academy of Neurology recommend a series of specific head and body movements for BPPV. The movements are done to move the calcium deposits out of the canal into an inner ear chamber so they can be absorbed by the body. You will likely have vertigo symptoms during the procedure as the canaliths move.

A doctor or physical therapist can guide you through the movements. The movements are safe and effective. They relieve BPPV in eight out of 10 cases. Medicine. In some cases, medication may be given to relieve symptoms such as nausea or motion sickness associated with vertigo.

If vertigo is caused by an infection or inflammation, antibiotics or steroids may reduce swelling and cure infection. For Meniere's disease, diuretics (water pills) may be prescribed to reduce pressure from fluid buildup. Surgery. In a few cases, surgery may be needed for vertigo. If vertigo is caused by a more serious underlying problem, such as a tumor or injury to the brain or neck, treatment for those problems often helps to alleviate the vertigo.

M. Fahmi Iskandar 2A

Do What Finnish Do: Invest In Education

Education is an essensial thing that every country should concern more, as education leads to a good generation. Talking about education cannot get rid of talking about its system, a good system results in good outputs. This principal seemingly has been applied by Finnish Education. Consequently, Finland is considered to have one of the leading education systems in the world. Finnish students consistently score near the top in the Program for International Student Assessment, or PISA, for reading, mathematics and science. The 2012 PISA results tell us that in these three subjects combined Finland ranks third after Korea and Japan. In comparison, American students' combined performance in reading, mathematics and science places the United States at 21st among 34 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. Here are the causes of the successful Finnish education system that many people want to know.

            Finnish children spend their time for playing, as people believe that children learn through playing so that Finnish government create a law that finnish parents are not allowed to enroll their children in any school before they are 7. The government believe that playing is important for children, as when playing children will not only play but also learn how to socialize with others. Meanwhile, In school, grades are not given until 4th grade. Evaluation of early learners focuses on metacognition and learning how to learn. In addition, Finnish students spend 45 minutes for studying and 15for taking a rest. In Finland, people believe that spending a lot of time for studying is not effective. Thus, school

The reason why Finnish education becomes the best education system in the world is that teachers are so trusted in Finland. Becoming a teacher is an extremely rigorous and prestigious process. Only the best of the best are accepted  into education school. In addition to having high test scores, candidates must pass an interview investigating their integrity, passion, and pedagogy. Universities are committed to finding candidates that are the right fit for the teaching profession. Their programs are research-based, and teachers finish with master’s degrees, including a published thesis.

The last cause that make Finnish education successful is that ethics is taught in the primary grades. While many students learn their ethics curriculum through religion class, even nondenominational or nonreligious students are required to take ethics courses. In Finland, people believe that there must be balance between emotional, spiritual and intelegence. When one of these intelegence is more superior than the others, say, intelegence aspect is more superior than emotional or spiritual, then he will be arrogant and underestimate the other people around him.

Those are the secrets of Finnish successful education system. Education is such a good investment, like what Soekarno once said “give me ten adolescences, then I would shake the world”. This is what Finland apply, they realize that adolescence have a powerful ability to create the future of their country, then they concern more in education. The other countries in the world should do the same. Do what has Finnish do in building a better future.

Muhammad Fanni Alfarisi

113060130 (2A)